??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ?????? 1? ????????? ??????? ???????: ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? 2? ??????? ??????? ??????? (????? ???? ??????? JIS) ? 3? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????: 1? ??????? 2? ???? 3? ??? ??? ??????? 4? ?????? ?????? (??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????) ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? 0.30 ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? (????? ?????? ???????) ?? ????? ?????? 0.30 ?? ??????? ???? ????.

????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? (?)??????? ??? ????? ???????1.×××× ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? 99.0% ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? 85/???2.×××× ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????3.××××× ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????4.×××××× ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????5.×××× ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? (??????? ?? ??????)6.××××× ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? T5 6063 60617.×××× ???? ??? ????? ??????????-?????-??????????8.××××× ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????9.××××× ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? (?) ??????? ??? ???? ???????1.0 ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????: 1××××? 3××××? 4××××? 5××××2.0 ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????: 2××××××? 6××××? 7××××× ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? Al (????? ?????????? ??? ????. 99.0% ?? ????) 1 ×××-×× ????? Al-Cu 2 ×××××× ????? Al-Si ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? 3 ××-×× ????? Al-Si 3 ????? Al-Si 3 ×××-×-× ????? Al-Mg...

?? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? (??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????)? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??. ???? ???? ?? ???????: ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????: ?. ????? ????? ?. ????? ????? ?. ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????...

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?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? (??????? ???????) ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? "?????? ???????" ???? "?????? ???????" ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?"?????? ???????? ???????" ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ?"?????? ??????? ???????? ???????" ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? "???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????". ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? adc12 ? a380 ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ??????? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ?? ????...

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???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. ????? ??????? (???? ????? 1) ??: ?? ??????? ???????? (?? ??????? ???????)? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 2 ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? 4 ?????? ?? ???? ??????? 5 ????? ?? ??????? 8? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????????? 12. ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???. (1) ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????...

?? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? 1? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. &...

I. ????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? 1. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????. 2. ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????...

?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????. ????? ???? ?????: ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ...

?? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ...

1? ???? ???? ??? ??? 1971? ????? ???????? D.B. Spencer ?M.C. Flemings ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? (???? ????????)? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? Sr15% ??? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? (SSM) ???? ?? 20 ????? ?? ????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? (PSCA). ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ...

????? ???????? (??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????) ???????: 1. 1 、 ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????. 2? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. 3 、 ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????. 4? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????. 5 、 ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????. 6 、 ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? (??? ?????)? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????. 7 、 ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? (????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????): 1? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. 2? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ...